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Arsip Bulanan: April 2008

Bayi Menangis Tanpa Sebab

Bayi Menangis tanpa Sebab?

Bisa jadi ia terserang kolik. Walau tampak mengkhawatirkan, kolik bukan penyakit yang serius.

Kolik adalah keadaan dimana bayi menangis terus-menerus secara berlebihan ( lebih dari 3 jam sehari dan paling sedikit 4 hari dalam seminggu). Gangguan ini bisa terjadi sejak si kecil lahir sampai usia 3-4 bulan. Itu sebabnya, dikenal juga istilah “kolik tiga bulan”.

Tapi, jangan langsung menduga bayi pasti kolik bila menangis berlibahan. Sebab, tangisan bisa saja terjadi karena ia lapar, terlalu lelah, popoknya basah, atau kedinginan.

Penyebabnya belum pasti

Kolik sering dikaitkan dengan adanya gangguan pada saluran pencernaan, misalnya akibat mengejangnya otot di dinding usus atau ada udara dalam usus. Tapi, mungkin juga kolik terjadi karena bayi mengalami intoleransi laktosa alias alergi terhadap susu sapi/susu formula. Meski begitu, mekanisme spesifik penyebab terjadinya kolik sampai kini belum diketahui secara pasti. Tak heran bila ada dugaan bahwa kolik adalah perwujudan dari tidak berhasilnya upaya si kecil untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang tuanya.

Penyakit lainnya, seperti demam (suhu di atas 37,5 ° C), diare, atau infeksi lain juga membuatnya rewel . A papun penyebab tangisnya, segera penuhi kebutuhan bayi. Segera bawa ke dokter bila bayi kolik terus-menerus, atau serangan di malam hari sangat mengganggu. Misalnya, ia sering terjaga dan merasa sakit.

Cegah selagi bisa

Tidak ada cara yang tokcer untuk mencegah kolik. Walau begitu, tak ada salahnya bila Anda mencoba meminimalkan penyebabnya. Misalnya, periksa apakah posisi mulutnya sudah pas saat menyusu, dan sendawakan dengan benar sehabis menyusu sehingga tak ada udara yang masuk ke dalam usus.

Kalaupun si kecil diduga kolik, ada beberapa upaya yang bisa Anda lakukan untuk meredakan tangisannya. Yang pasti , jangan cepat putus asa! Begitu gagal, coba cara lainnya.

Bila Anda merasa frustrasi (karena bayi menangis terus) dan tidak tahu harus berbuat apa lagi, letakkan bayi di tempat tidurnya, lalu matikan lampu kamar. Dengan begitu, Anda dan bayi bisa tenang. Sebagai catatan, Anda sebaiknya cukup istirahat. Jadi, lakukan penjagaan dan perawatan bayi secara bergantian dengan pasangan Anda, misalnya.

Yang penting, jangan panik. Kolik akan menghilang dalam beberapa minggu, dan tidak ada dampak jangka panjang terhadap kesehatannya. Apalagi, u mumnya, b ayi yang kolik tetap punya nafsu makan yang baik serta kenaikan berat badannya normal.

Kenali Gejalanya

- Menangis secara berlebihan setelah minum atau ketika bangun tidur, terutama di malam hari. Bayi tetap normal dan sehat selain waktu-waktu itu.
- Tangis sukar dihentikan saat ‘serangan’ terjadi.
- Ketika menangis, wajahnya berwarna kemerahan dan kakinya diangkat-angkat (lutut ditekuk ke arah dadanya).
- Perut mungkin kembung .

Lakukan Ini!

- Pastikan kebutuhan bayi terpenuhi . Misalnya, jangan sampai ia terlalu lapar atau harus menunggu lama untuk disusui.
- Peluklah , sehingga si kecil merasa nyaman. Nikmati saja kontak kulit ke kulit.
- Usap-usap punggungnya dengan menengkurapkan bayi di atas pangkuan Anda.
- Ajak jalan-jalan dengan kereta dorong atau naik mobil agar ia tenang.
- Mandikan dengan air hangat dan ciptakan suasana rileks di malam hari .
- Ayun-ayun si kecil sambil menyanyikan atau memutar lagu favoritnya.

Dewi Handajani
Konsultasi ilmiah: dr. I.G.A. Nyoman Partiwi, Sp.A, IDAI Jaya, RS Bunda, Ja

 
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Posted by pada April 29, 2008 in NEW BORN

 

Bahasa Isyarat Bayi

Bahasa Isyarat Bayi:
Hidup Lebih Mudah & Bebas Stres

Dapatkan bermacam manfaat buat Anda dan si kecil dengan mengajarkannya bahasa isyarat.

Masih ingatkah Anda adegan Robert De Niro yang berperan sebagai kakek dalam film komedi Hollywood Meet the Fockers? Dalam salah satu adegan ia mengajarkan cucunya berkomunikasi dengan bahasa isyarat bayi. Sambil menggerakkan jari dan tubuhnya, ia berbicara.

Inilah gambaran umum yang terjadi di negara-negara maju. Semua orang sedang demam bahasa isyarat bayi yang diteliti dan dikembangkan penelilti dan psikolog Linda Acredolo lebih dari 20 tahun silam.

Bayi normal

Pasti Anda menduga bahasa isyarat bayi yang dibicarakan ini untuk anak-anak yang memiliki masalah pendengaran dan bicara. Sama sekali bukan! Linda Acredolo dan rekannya Susan Goodwyn yang pertama kali meneliti dan mengembangkan bahasa isyarat untuk bayi dan batita normal.

Melalui buku Baby Sign: How To Talk With Your Baby Before Your Baby Can Talk, Acredolo dan Goodwyn mengungkapkan manfaatnya membekali si kecil dengan keterampilan berkomunikasi secara verbal plus isyarat. Anda dapat mengajarkan anak Anda berbahasa isyarat di usia berapa pun, tentu saat ia di masa praverbal (belum mampu berkomunikasi secara verbal).

Pada umumnya batita mulai berkomunikasi secara verbal antara usia 12 hingga 15 bulan. Di usia sebelumnya, bayi belum dapat mengartikulasikan kebutuhan dan keinginan secara verbal. Tetapi, menurut para ahli, pemahaman dan daya tangkap anak-anak itu terhadap bahasa jauh melebihi yang kita duga selama ini.

“Berbahasa isyarat memfasilitasi proses belajar bicara. Berkomunikasi dengan cara ini memotivasi bayi berbicara,” jelas Acredolo yang mendirikan Baby Sign Institute. Penjelasannya sekaligus menepis anggapan bahwa dengan mengajarkan bahasa isyarat, bayi dan batita jadi enggan belajar bahasa verbal.

“Bahasa isyarat membantu batita yang masih belum mampu berbicara dipahami orang-orang sekeliling,” jelas Lora Heller, seorang ahli dari lembaga serupa yang lain, Baby Finger. Berdasarkan pengalaman dan penelitian di lembaganya, anak-anak yang belajar bahasa isyarat sejak bayi justru lebih termotivasi berbicara di masa verbalnya.

“Menggunakan bahasa verbal, anak-anak di masa belajar bicara biasanya baru bisa menyebut “ba” yang mengacu pada “bola”, “buku” atau benda lain berawalan konsonan “b”. Dengan bahasa isyarat, anak-anak secara dini dapat menyatakan secara detil, “Aku mau buku itu”. Jadi, orang tua dapat mengurangi perasaan frustrasi ketika harus menebak-nebak arti tangisan bayi mereka,” lanjut Heller.

Bahasa isyarat bayi melibatkan unsur gesture (gerak tubuh), mimik dan bahasa verbal. Di Amerika Serikat telah terbit kamus lengkap bahasa standar isyarat bayi yang berbasis bahasa Inggris-Amerika. Selain itu juga ada kamus online yang bisa diakses secara gratis melalui internet.

Beda bahasa, tentu beda pula bahasa isyaratnya. Jadi, kalau Anda hendak mengajarkan bahasa tanda dengan basis bahasa Indonesia, tak harus mengikuti kamus standar Amerika.

Meningkatkan IQ

Benarkah ketertarikan orang tua masa kini mengajarkan bahasa isyarat semata-mata untuk mengurangi ketegangan dan perasaan putus asa saat hendak memenuhi kebutuhan atau keinginan bayi mereka yang belum bisa bicara?

“Pengalaman keluarga yang menerapkan bahasa isyarat dengan bayinya, menunjukkan betapa kehidupan mereka jadi lebih mudah dan bebas stres. Si bayi dapat mengekspresikan dan mengartikulasikan secara spesifik keinginan dan kebutuhannya. Orang tua jadi mudah memahami dan mengenali kebutuhan si kecil,” urai Linda.

Tentu saja ini baik untuk perkembangan emosi anak, di samping perkembangan bahasa dan sosialisasinya. Penelitian lain bahkan juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan pada bayi yang diajarkan bahasa isyarat dalam hal tingkat inteligensia.

Sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Universitas California, terhadap bayi-bayi yang menggunakan gestur simbolis dalam berkomunikasi dengan orang tuanya memperlihatkan adanya lompatan besar dalam kemampuan bicara. Acredolo dan Goodwyn yang memimpin penelitian tersebut menemukan bahwa bayi-bayi yang berbahasa isyarat memiliki skor tes kecerdasan lebih tinggi, memahami lebih banyak kosa kata, menguasai kosa kata dalam jumlah besar dan mampu berpastisipasi dalam permainan kompleks dibandingkan bayi-bayi pada umumnya.

“Saya tidak dapat melukiskan rasa takjub saat menemukan anak saya mengungkapkan minta disusui sebelum saya beri ASI. Juga ketika di usia 15 bulan, dengan bahasa verbal terbatas plus bahasa isyarat, ia mengungkapkan air mandinya terlalu panas,” ungkap seorang ibu yang mengajarkan bahasa isyarat pada bayinya.

Ini memang sebuah cara menarik meningkatkan kedekatan emosi Anda dan si kecil serta keterampilannya berkomunikasi. Mau coba? Sebaiknya Anda baca teori lengkapnya dahulu, buat kamus tersendiri dan berkomunikasilah.

Andi Maerzyda A. D. Th.

 
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Posted by pada April 29, 2008 in NEW BORN

 

Ayo Kita Makan nak

Ayo, Kita Makan, Nak!

Makan adalah “pelajaran” baru bagi si kecil yang mulai mengenal makanan padat. Dan ternyata, banyak “keterampilan” yang harus ia kuasai dalam proses belajar ini.

Sejak usia enam bulan, susu bukan lagi satu-satunya makanan yang akan dikonsumsi bayi Anda. Tapi, Anda tidak bisa begitu saja alias langsung memberikan makanan apapun padanya. Sebab, “pelajaran” makan si kecil haruslah berlangsung secara bertahap.

Kapan ia siap makan?

Kemampuan bayi untuk makan makanan padat memang tidak sama. Sekalipun demikian, para ahli sepakat, umumnya kesiapan bayi untuk makan makanan padat pertamanya berkisar antara usia 6–8 bulan.

Meski begitu, jangan mentang-mentang usia si kecil sudah 6 bulan, lalu Anda langsung bersemangat “menjejalnya” dengan seabrek makanan padat. Hanya karena khawatir ia ketinggalan teman-teman seusianya! Umumnya, otot mulut bayi belum dapat mengunyah dan menelan makanan padat sampai usia 4–6 bulan. Makanya, jangan heran kalau lidah si 6 bulan Anda malah “mendorong” makanannya ke luar mulut mungilnya. Lihat-lihat dulu kemampuannya. Bila tidak, bisa-bisa urusan makan ini malah jadi runyam! Kalau sudah begini, apa yang bisa Anda lakukan?

Yang pasti, ketika memperkenalkan makanan padat, sistem pencernaan si kecil harus benar-benar “matang”. Pokoknya, sudah siap tempur untuk memproses berbagai jenis makanan baru yang masuk. Kalaupun Anda terlalu dini memperkenalkan makanan padat, bayi Anda malah lebih mudah terkena reaksi alergi Jadi, tenang-tenang saja dulu.

Jangan coba-coba ambil jalan pintas!

Harus diakui, bukan hal yang mudah jika si kecil Anda susah banget belajar mengunyah dan menelan makanannya. Sekalipun kepentok di sana-sini, jangan lantas ambil jalan pintas dengan cara memberi makanan padatnya melalui botol.

Tahukah Anda, cara pemberian makanan seperti ini nggak aman-aman amat! Malahan, ini dapat meningkatkan risiko si kecil tersedak. Kok, begitu? Ketika Anda memberi makanan melalui botol (biasanya lubang dot akan diperbesar), makanan tadi akan langsung ditelannya. Jika ia belum pintar-pintar mengontrolnya, bukan tak mungkin ia langsung tersedak.

Bahkan, tak jarang, cara pemberian makanan ini justru menjadi salah satu penyebab anak “terlalu banyak” makan. Ia jadi cepat sekali menelan makanannya. Saking cepatnya, sekalipun perutnya sudah kenyang, sinyal yang bertugas memberitahu kalau dia sudah kenyang “tidak sempat” sampai ke otak. Akibatnya, dia minta tambah terus dan terus. Wah, jadi repot lagi.

Selain itu, pemberian makanan lewat botol tidak akan mengajari si kecil menggunakan rahangnya untuk mengunyah. Padahal, proses belajar mengunyah dan juga menelan kelak penting untuk kemampuan bicaranya dan pertumbuhan giginya.

Belajar tidak berhenti di mulut saja

Proses belajar makan si kecil memang tidak berhenti sebatas mulut mungilnya saja. Ia masih harus belajar disiplin melalui tatacara makan yang sudah terpola waktunya. Misalnya, ketika didudukkan di kursi makannya atau dipasangkan celemek makannya, ia sudah tahu kalau “upacara” makan sudah tiba. Atau, ketika mencium harumnya aroma makanan yang sedang Anda siapkan, ia harus sabar menunggu. Tampaknya sepele memang, namun semua itu merupakan rangkaian dalam proses belajarnya.

Juga, ia akan belajar bahwa aktivitas ini bisa mempererat hubungannya dengan Anda, bunda tercintanya. Misalnya, melalui kontak mata ketika Anda mengajaknya berbicara ketika mempersiapkan makanan atau duduk dihadapannya, ia tahu kalau Anda sangat menyayanginya dan memberikan perhatian penuh. Akan lebih baik lagi, bila Anda selalu tersenyum ketika menyuapinya. Ketenangan Anda dan cara Anda memperlakukannya sangat besar pengaruhnya dalam proses belajar makan si kecil.

Kesabaran untuk tidak terburu-buru ketika menyuapi, kepekaan mengetahui kondisi anak, kreativitas dalam memilihkan menu, serta menciptakan suasana makan yang menyenangkan merupakan kunci utama kesuksesan Anda dalam memberi makan pada si kecil. Siapkah Anda untuk itu?

Retno Wahab Supriyadi

 
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Posted by pada April 29, 2008 in POLA MAKAN

 

Cara Mudah Sisihkan Uang

Cara Mudah Sisihkan Uang

  Ketika kita berjanji untuk berhemat atas segala sesuatu yang tidak perlu

dan mulai untuk menyisihkan uang, apakah kita tahu bagaimana caranya?

Tidak mudah memang melakukan hal tersebut apalagi kalau kita terbiasa dengan

pola hidup yang boros. Berikut adalah beberapa tips mudah yang dapat

membantu Anda mempersiapkan untuk masa depan.

   - Kegemaran mungkin akan sedikit lebih mahal dari yang Anda sadari.

   Kurangi untuk membeli misalnya minuman ringan, gantilah dengan minum air

   biasa saja. Ini jauh lebih murah, sehat untuk tubuh dan juga dompet Anda.

   - Hampir sepertiga apa yang kita beli selalu menurutkan kata hati.

   Jika Anda merasa tergoda, tunggu sampai satu hari meskipun sesuatu yang

   jelas akan berharga lebih jika menundanya.

   - Cobalah untuk menawar sebisa mungkin kecuali barang-barang dengan

   harga tetap. Manfaatkan setiap kali ada kesempatan potongan harga.

   - Beli sesuatu dalam borongan. Barang-barang kebutuhan rumah tangga

   seperti tisu toilet, keperluan toilet, lampu, dan bahkan beberapa makanan

   dapat menghemat uang dari yang Anda sadari.

   - Jangan terlalu sering untuk mengambil uang tunai dari ATM karena hal

   ini mendorong keinginan Anda untuk menghabiskan.

   - Periksa pemakian telepon rumah ataupun ponsel, internet, listrik dan

   air sehingga mendapat yang terbaik untuk dompet Anda.

   - Manfaatkan kupon-kupon belanja. Ini akan menghemat beberapa rupiah

   sehingga diakhir bulan tabungan tidak terasa bertambah.

   - Jika Anda dapat membeli barang-barang second kenapa tidak, seperti

   mobil dan keperluan rumah tangga lain. Anda bisa menghemat cukup besar.
 
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Posted by pada April 29, 2008 in KEUANGAN

 

Kaitkata:

100 Tips Menghemat Uang

Little Steps: 100 Great Tips For Saving Money For Those Just Getting Started 68comments

February 6, 2008 @ 2:00 pm – Written by Trent
Categories: Frugality, Getting Started
Bookmarks: del.icio.us, reddit

Yesterday, I discussed how anyone can turn their financial life around if they just take that first step – the first step is always the hardest one. After that, you start taking more and more little steps and before you know it, your financial life is getting better and better.

What follows is a list of 100 more steps to take. Each of these tactics are simple little moves you can make to improve your financial situation. Some of them take just a few minutes, others might take an hour or two, some of them require a bit of regular effort, but they’re all incredibly simple – anyone can do them. Each of them also save significant money, especially over the long haul, and when combined together these tips can save you a lot of money now.

Obviously, not all of these tips will apply to everyone. Just go through the list and find ten or fifteen that do apply to you and use them in your life – you’ll quickly find yourself saving some serious scratch.

1. Switch your bank accounts to a bank that respects you. You shouldn’t be spending your hard-earned money on maintenance fees – you also should be earning some serious interest on your checking and savings accounts. I use ING Direct as my primary bank – I earn roughly 3% on my checking account and 3.4% on my savings account and they’ve never dinged me with a fee. Here’s a guide on how to make that switch.

2. Turn off the television. One big way to save money is to watch less television. There are a lot of financial benefits to this: less exposure to guilt-inducing ads, more time to focus on other things in life, less electrical use, and so on. It’s great to unwind in the evening, but seek another hobby to do that.

3. Turn a critical eye to your “collections.” Most people collect something – what do you collect? Is it something that consistently brings you joy? Or is it something that you just do out of habit at this point? Does the collection itself have value? Could you perhaps “trim the fat” from this collection by getting rid of duplicates or getting rid of the items you no longer use? Also, could you perhaps cut down on your spending on that hobby? Focus on trimming the things you don’t feel strongly about – if you dig into things that bother you, you’re going to eventually relapse.

4. Sign up for every free customer rewards program you can. Even if you rarely shop at that place, having a rewards card for that place will eventually net you some coupons and discounts. Here’s the basic game plan for maximizing these programs: create a Gmail address just for these mailings, collect every card you can, and then check that account for extra coupons whenever you’re ready to shop.

5. Make your own gifts instead of buying stuff from the store. You can make food mixes, candles, bread, cookies, soap, and all kinds of other things at home quite easily and inexpensively. These make spectacular gifts for others because they involve your homemade touch, plus quite often they’re consumable, meaning they don’t wind up filling someone’s closet with junk. Even better – include a personal handwritten note with the gift. This will make it even more special than anything you could possibly buy down at the mall, plus it saves you money.

6. Master the thirty day rule. Whenever you’re considering making an unnecessary purchase, wait thirty days and then ask yourself if you still want that item. Quite often, you’ll find that the urge to buy has passed and you’ll have saved yourself some money by simply waiting. If you want, you can even keep a “thirty day list” where you write down the item and the day you’ll reconsider it, but I prefer just to keep this one in my head – that way, I often just forget about the unimportant things.

7. Write a list before you go shopping – and stick to it. One should never go into a store without a strong idea of what one will be buying while in there. Make a careful plan of what you’ll buy before you go, then stick strictly to that list when you go to the store. Don’t put anything in the cart that’s not on the list, no matter how tempting, and you’ll come out of the store saving a bundle.

8. Invite friends over instead of going out. Almost every activity at home is less expensive than going out. Invite some friends over and have a cookout or a potluck meal, then play some cards and have a few drinks. Everyone will have fun, the cost will be low, and the others will likely reciprocate not long afterwards.

9. Instead of throwing out some damaged clothing, repair it instead. Don’t toss out a shirt because of a broken button – sew a new one on with some closely-matched thread. Don’t toss out pants because of a hole in them – put in a patch of some sort and save them for times when you’re working around the house. Simple sewing can be done by anyone – it just takes a few minutes and it saves a lot of money by keeping you from buying new clothes when you don’t really need to.

10. Don’t spend big money entertaining your children. Most children, especially young ones, can be entertained very cheaply. Buy them an end roll of newspaper from your local paper and let their creativity run wild. Make a game out of ordinary stuff around the house, like tossing pennies into a jar, even. Realize that what your children want most of all is your time, not your stuff, and you’ll find money in your pocket and joy in your heart.

11. Call your credit card company and ask for a rate reduction. Take any of your credit cards that are carrying a balance, flip them over, and call the number on the back. Tell them that you want an interest rate reduction or you’ll take your business elsewhere. If the first person you talk to won’t do it, ask to talk to a supervisor. If you have a $5,000 balance, even a 3% rate reduction saves you $150 a year.

12. Clean out your closet. Go through your closets and try to get rid of some of the stuff in there. You can have a yard sale with it, take it to a consignment shop, or even donate it for the tax deduction – all of which turn old stuff you don’t want to use any more into money in your pocket. Not only that, it’s often a psychological load off your mind to clean out your closets.

13. Buy video games that have a lot of replay value – and don’t acquire new ones until you’ve mastered what you have. My video game buying habits have changed quite a bit since my “game of the week” days. Now, I focus on games that can be played over and over and over again, and I focus on mastering the games that I buy. Good targets include puzzle games and long, involved quest games – they maximize the value of your gaming dollar.

14. Drink more water. Not only does drinking plenty of water have great health benefits, water drinking has financial benefits, too. Drink a big glass of water before each meal, and not only will you digest it better, you won’t eat as much, saving on the ol’ food bill. You’ll also find yourself feeling a bit better as you begin to get adequately hydrated (most Americans are perpetually somewhat dehydrated).

15. Cut back on the convenience foods – fast foods, microwave meals, and so on. Instead of eating fast food or just nuking some prepackaged food when you get home, try making some simple and healthy replacements that you can take with you. An hour’s worth of preparation one weekend can give you a ton of cheap and handy meals that will end up saving you a lot of cash and not eat into your time when you’re busy.

16. Give up expensive habits, like cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs. Those habits cause money to flow away from you with nothing in return. Call up your fortitude and work hard to kick the habits and you’ll find that money staying in your pocket instead of burning up and floating away.

17. Make a quadruple batch of a casserole. Casseroles are nice, easy dishes to prepare, but on busy nights, it’s often still easier to just order some take-out or eat out or just plop a prepackaged meal in the oven. Instead, the next time you make a casserole, make four batches of it and put the other three in the freezer. Then, the next time you need a quick meal for the family, grab one of those batches and just heat it up – easy as can be. Even better, doing this allows you to buy the ingredients in bulk, making each casserole cheaper than it would be ordinarily – and far, far cheaper than eating out or trying a prepackaged meal.

18. Be diligent about turning off lights before you leave. If you spend one minute turning off lights before a two hour trip, that’s the equivalent of earning $50 an hour. That’s some impressive savings, particularly if you do it before longer trips. The key is to use less energy, particularly when you’re not using the device.

19. Swap books, music, and DVDs cheaply on the internet via services like PaperBackSwap. You can very easily swap the books and CDs and DVDs you’ve grown bored with via the internet with others. Just use sites like PaperBackSwap, clean out your media collection, and trade them with others online. The best part? You’ll get a flood of new books (or CDs or DVDs) to enjoy, mailed right to you – for free.

20. Maximize yard sales. I like to stop by yard sales if I see them, but I recognize that often the stuff there is junk. Thus, I’m careful about what I buy and I use clever tactics to find it – and lower the prices. That way, I wind up with a really big bargain – or else I can just walk away with the money in my pocket, having been entertained for a bit.

21. Install CFL (or, even better, LED) bulbs wherever it makes sense. These bulbs might cost more initially, but they both have a longer life than normal incandescent bulbs and they both eat far less electricity. CFLs tend to use about 25% of the electricity of an incandescent – LEDs use about 2%. CFLs are cheaper than LEDs right now and produce better light, but not quite as good as incandescent bulbs. My policy? Put LEDs in closets and out of the way places, use CFLs for hall and some room lighting, and use incandescent bulbs (until the other bulbs get better) where you read and do other eye-intensive activities. This will trim a significant amount from your electric bill.

22. Install a programmable thermostat. These devices regulate the temperature in your house automatically according to the schedule that you set. Thus, when you’re not home, it allows the heating or cooling to turn off for several hours, saving you on your energy bill. A programmable thermostat can easily cut your energy bill by 10 to 20%.

23. Buy appliances based on reliability, not what’s cheapest at the store. It’s worth the time to do a bit of research when you buy a new appliance. A reliable, energy efficient washer and dryer might cost you quite a bit now, but if it continually saves you energy and lasts for fifteen years, you’ll save significant money in the long run. When you need to buy an appliance, research it – start with back issues of Consumer Reports at the library. An hour’s worth of research can easily save you hundreds of dollars.

24. Clean your car’s air filter. A clean air filter can improve your gas mileage by up to 7%, saving you more than $100 for every 10,000 miles you drive in an average vehicle. Plus, cleaning your air filter is easy to do in just a few minutes – just follow the instructions in your automobile’s manual and you’re good to go.

25. Hide your credit cards. Take your credit cards and put them in a safe place in your home, not in your wallet where it’s easy to spend them. If you argue that you need it for “emergencies,” just be sure to keep a small amount of cash hidden in your wallet for these emergencies. Don’t keep plastic on you until you have the willpower to not use it even when you’re sorely tempted.

26. Plan your meals around your grocery store’s flyer. Instead of just planning your meals based on a cookbook or whatever you can dream up, plan all your meals around what’s on sale in your grocery store’s flyer. Look at the biggest sales, then plan meals based on those ingredients and what you have on hand, and you’ll find yourself with a much smaller food bill than you’re used to.

27. Do a price comparison – and find a cheaper grocery store. Most of us get in a routine of shopping at the same grocery store, even though quite often it’s not the one that offers the best deals on our most common purchases. Fortunately, there’s a simple way to find the cheapest store around. Just keep track of the twenty or so things you buy most often, then shop for these items at a variety of stores. Eventually, one store will come out on top for your purchases – just make that one your regular shopping destination and you’ll automatically save money.

28. Challenge yourself to try making your own things. Before I tried it myself, I thought homemade breadmaking was complicated and a waste of time and money. I came to find out that it was pretty easy and it was actually much cheaper, healthier, and tastier than buying a loaf from the store. Now, we rarely ever buy bread products at the store – and we save money by making that choice.

29. Don’t spend money just to de-stress. Quite often, I used to spend money just to wind down from a stressful day at work. Instead, I’ve found that I quite often feel much better by going home and taking some quiet time just to stretch and then meditate. I end up feeling much more together, happy, and ready to face an evening with the kids in the right mindset than I ever would by just blowing some cash after work. Instead of spending to de-stress, try some basic meditation techniques, stretching, or yoga and see how you feel.

30. Talk to your loved ones about what your dreams are. This seems like an odd way to save money, but think about it. If you spend time with the people you love the most and come to some consensus about your dreams, it becomes easy for you all to plan for it. If you’re all planning and working together towards this dream, it becomes easier to stay focused on it and reach it. Set a big, audacious goal together and encourage each other to be financially fit – soon, you’ll find you’re doing it naturally and your dreams are coming closer than ever.

31. Do a “maintenance run” on your appliances. Check them to make sure there isn’t any dust clogging them and that they’re fairly clean. Look behind the appliances, and use your vacuum to gently clear away dust. Check all of the vents, especially on refrigerators, dryers, and heating and cooling units. The less dust you have blocking the mechanics of these devices, the more efficiently they’ll run (saving you on your energy bill) and the longer they’ll last (saving you on replacement costs).

32. Cancel unused club memberships. Are you paying dues at a club that you never use? Like, for instance, a gym membership or a country club membership? Cancel these club memberships, even if you think you might use them again someday – you can always renew the membership at a later date if it turns out that you actually do miss it.

33. When shopping for standard items (clothes, sports equipment, older games, etc.), start by shopping used. Quite often, you can find the exact item you want with a bit of clever shopping at used equipment stores, used game stores, consignment shops, and so on. Just make these shops a part of your normal routine – go there first when looking for potential items and you will save money.

34. Keep your hands clean. This one’s simple – just wash your hands thoroughly each time you use the bathroom or handle raw foods. You’ll keep yourself from acquiring all kinds of viruses and bacteria, saving you on medical bills and medicine costs and lost productivity. That’s not to say you shouldn’t explore the world and get your hands dirty sometimes – that’s good for you, too – but basic sanitation does help keep the medical bills away.

35. Remove your credit card numbers from your online accounts. It’s easy to spend online when you have your card information stored in an account – just click and buy. The best way to break this habit is to simply delete your card from the account. That way, when you’re tempted to spend, you’ll be forced to spend the time to dig out your card – and really think about why you’re spending this money.

36. Give a gift of a service instead of an item. For new parents, give an evening of babysitting as a gift. If you know pet owners, offer to take care of their pets when they travel. Offer up some lawn care as a gift to a new homeowner. These are always spectacular gifts for anyone – I know that, as a parent of a toddler and an infant, I love receiving a babysitting gift, probably more than any “stuff” I might receive.

37. Do holiday shopping right after the holidays. Most people use this technique for Christmas, but it works for every holiday. Wait until about two days after a holiday, then go out shopping for items you need that are themed for that day. Get a Mother’s Day card for next year the day after Mother’s Day. Get Easter egg decorating kits the day after Easter. Get wrapping paper and cards and such the day after Christmas. The discounts are tremendous, and you can just put this stuff in the closet until next year, saving you a bundle.

38. Join up with a volunteer program. It’s a great way to meet new people, get some exercise, and involve yourself in a positive project that can lift your spirit. It also comes without a cost to you and can provide a lot of entertainment and a fulfilling day when you’re in the right mindset. I’ve come to spend more and more of my time volunteering, serving on various committees and groups in the community – and it’s the best thing I’ve ever done.

39. Reevaluate the stuff in the rooms in your house. Go into a room and go through every single item in it. Do you really need that item? Are you happy that it’s there, or would you be just fine if it were not? If you can find stuff to get rid of, get rid of it – it just creates clutter and it might have some value to others. You also improve the perceived value of your house – and you’re likely to get a lot of cleaning done in the process. It’s a frugal win-win-win.

40. Try generic brands of items you buy regularly. Instead of just picking up the ordinary brand of an item you buy, try out the store brand or generic version of the item. Likely, you’ll save a few cents now, but you’ll also likely discover that the store brand is just as good as the name brand – the only difference between the two, often, is the marketing. Once you’re on board the generic train, you’ll find your regular grocery bill getting smaller and smaller.

41. Prepare some meals at home. Get an accessible and easy-to-use cookbook (my favorite “beginner” cookbook is Mark Bittman’s excellent How to Cook Everything) and try making some of the dishes inside. You’ll find that cooking at home is much easier than you think – and way cheaper and healthier than take-out or dining out. Even better, you can easily prepare meals in advance – even handy fast food type meals.

42. Switch to term life insurance. Repeat after me: insurance is not an investment. Switch to term insurance instead and use that difference in cost to get yourself out of debt and start building some wealth. Universal and whole policies are much more expensive and offer a sub par investment opportunity – you’re much better off getting yourself free of a debt burden than spending extra on such things.

43. Go for reliability and fuel efficiency when buying a car. A reliable and fuel efficient car will save you thousands over the long haul. Let’s say you drive a vehicle for 80,000 miles. If you choose a 25 miles per gallon car over a 15 miles per gallon car, you save 2,133 gallons of gas. At $3 a gallon, that’s $6,400 in savings right there. Reliability can pay the same dividends. Do the research – it will pay off for you.

44. Don’t go to stores or shopping centers for entertainment. Doing so is just an encouragement to spend money you don’t really have on stuff you don’t really need. Instead, find other places to entertain yourself – the park, the basketball court, a museum, a friend’s house, or even in your own home. Don’t substitute shopping for entertainment and you’ll be way better off.

45. Master the ten second rule. Whenever you pick up an item in order to add it to your cart or to take it to the checkout, stop for ten seconds and ask yourself why you’re buying it and whether you actually need it or not. If you can’t find a good answer, put the item back. This keeps me from making impulse buys on a regular basis.

46. Rent out unused space in your home. Do you have an extra bedroom that’s not being used? Rent it out. In our home, we could, if times were tough, rent out our entire basement – it has a “living room,” a bedroom, and a bathroom and has a stairwell right by the kitchen. If we found the right person, this would bring in a lot of extra money.

47. Create a visual reminder of your debt. Basically, just make a giant progress bar that starts with the amount of debt you have and ends with zero. Each time you pay down a little bit, fill in a little more of that progress bar. Keep this reminder in a place where you’ll see it often, and keep filling it in regularly. It keeps your eyes on the prize and leads you straight to debt freedom.

48. Get rid of unread magazine subscriptions. Do you have a pile of unread magazines sitting around your house? Likely, it’s the result of a subscription that you’re not reading. Not only should you not renew that magazine, you should give their subscription department a call and try to cancel for a refund – sometimes, they’ll give you the prorated amount back. I’ve had to cull my subscriptions in the past, but I’ve never regretted it.

49. Eat breakfast. Eating a healthy breakfast fills you up with energy for the day and also decreases your desire to eat a big lunch in the middle of the day. Not only that, breakfast can be very healthy, quick, and inexpensive. A bowl of oatmeal in the morning is often the one thing that keeps me from running out to eat an expensive lunch later in the day – and it keeps me peppy and full of energy for the entire morning instead of in a coffee-laced daze.

50. Swap babysitting with neighbors. We live in a neighborhood with an army of young children out and about. Because of that, there are a lot of parents out there who are quite willing to swap babysitting nights with us, saving you the money of hiring one for an evening out. A few families even take this to incredible extremes. Try to find another set of parents or two that you trust, and swap nights of babysitting with them. That way, you’ll get occasional evenings free without the cost of a babysitter, saving you some scratch.

51. Don’t fear leftovers – instead, jazz them up. Many people dread eating leftovers – they’re just inferior rehashes of regular meals, not exactly enjoyable to the discerning palate. However, there’s nothing cheaper than eating leftovers and with a few great techniques for making leftovers tasty, you can often end up with something surprising and quite delicious on the other end. My favorite technique? Chaining – using the leftovers as a basis for an all-new dish.

52. Go through your clothes – all of them. If you have a regular urge to buy clothes, go through everything that you have and see what you might find. Take the clothes at the back of the closet and bring them to the front and suddenly your wardrobe will feel completely different. Take the clothes buried in your dresser and pull them to the top. You’ll feel like a brand new person who doesn’t need to spend money on clothes right now.

53. Brown bag your lunch. Instead of going out to eat at work, take your own lunch. Lots of people think that this means “nasty lunch,” but it doesn’t. With some thoughtful preparation and just a few minutes of time, you can create something quite enjoyable for your brown bag lunch – and save a fistful of cash each day, too.

54. Learn how to dress minimally. Buy clothes that mix and match well and you’ll not need nearly as many clothes. If you have five pants, seven shirts, and seven ties that all go together, you have almost an endless wardrobe right there just by mixing and matching. This is exactly what I do in order to minimize clothes buying and still look professional – I just mix and remix what I wear by using utilitarian clothes options to begin with.

55. Ask for help and encouragement from your inner circle. Sit down and talk to the people you love and care about the most and ask them for help. Tell them that you’re trying to trim your spending and you’d love it if they offered any suggestions and support they might have – and pay attention to what they tell you. They might have some personal insights for your situation that will really help.

56. If something’s broken, give a fair shot at repairing it yourself before replacing it or calling a repairman. Get a handyman’s book or advice from the internet and give it a shot yourself. I’ve fixed clocks, air conditioners, and VCRs by doing this before, saving significant cash by saving on a replacement or on a repair person.

57. Keep an idea notebook in your pocket. I’ve wasted countless amounts of time and money simply because I’ve forgotten things in my head. Instead of relying on my memory, I keep a small notebook with me to jot down ideas and things I need to remember, then I check it regularly throughout the day. This keeps me from forgetting to pick up milk and having to backtrack ten miles, for starters.

58. Invest in a deep freezer. A deep freezer, after the initial investment, is a great bargain. You can use it to store all sorts of bulk foods, which enables you to pay less per pound of it at the market. Even better, you can store lots of meals prepared in advance, enabling you to just go home and pop something homemade (and cheap) in the oven.

59. Look for a cheaper place to live. The cost of living in Iowa is surprisingly low, enough so that I’m quite happy to give up the cultural opportunities of other places to enjoy Iowa all year around. When I want to enjoy the cultural opportunities of another place, I’ll travel there – after all, I can afford it. Take a serious look about moving to a less expensive area – if you can find work there, then a move can definitely put you in better financial shape.

60. Check out what your town’s parks and recreation board has to offer. My town has several wonderful parks, free basketball and tennis courts, free disc golf, trails, and lots of other stuff just there waiting to be used. You can go have fun for hours out in the wonderful outdoors, playing sports, hiking on trails, or trying other activities – and it’s all there for free. All you have to do is discover it.

61. Air up your tires. For every two PSI that all of your tires are below the recommended level, you lose 1% on your gas mileage. Most car tires are five to ten PSI below the normal level, so that means by just airing up your tires, you can improve your gas mileage by up to 5%. It’s easy, too. Just read your car’s manual to see what the recommended tire pressure is, then head to the gas station. Ask the attendant inside if they have a tire air gauge you can borrow (most of them do, both in urban and rural settings), then stop over by the air pump. Check your tires, then use the pump to fill them up to where they should be. It’s basically free gas!

62. Start a garden. Gardening is an inexpensive hobby if you have a yard. Just rent a tiller, till up a patch, plant some plants, keep it weeded, and you’ll have a very inexpensive hobby that produces a huge amount of vegetables for you to eat at the end of the season. I like planting a bunch of tomato plants, keeping them cared for, then enjoying a huge flood of tomatoes at the end of the summer. We like to eat them fresh, can them, and make tomato juice, sauce, paste, ketchup, pasta sauce, and pizza sauce. Delicious (and very inexpensive)!

63. Dig into your community calendar. There are often tons of free events going on in your town that you don’t even know about. Stop by the local library or by city hall and ask how you can get ahold of a listing of upcoming community events, and make an effort to hit the interesting ones. You can often get free meals, free entertainment, and free stuff just by paying attention – even better, you’ll get in touch with what’s going on around you.

64. Take public transportation. If the city’s transit system is available near you, take it to work (or to play) instead of driving your car. It’s far cheaper and you don’t have to worry about parking your vehicle. When I lived in a larger city, I bought an annual transit pass that actually paid for itself after less than two months of use compared to using an automobile – and after that, for ten months, I basically could ride to work (and to some events) for free. That’s money in the bank.

65. Cut your own hair. I can cut mine myself with a pair of clippers, for example. I just cut it really short every once in a while and don’t worry about it too much. Just put a garbage bag over the bathroom sink, bust out the clippers and scissors, and get it done. Two or three cuts will pay for the clippers, and then you’re basically getting free haircuts. With a bit of practice, you can make it look good, too.

66. Carpool. Is there anyone that lives near you who works at the same place (or near the same place) that you do? Why not ride together, alternating drivers each day? You can halve the wear and tear and gas costs for your car – and for your acquaintance as well.

67. Design your “debt snowball.” Everyone needs a plan to help them get out of debt, so sit down and plot out what debts you’re going to pay off and in what order. Simply having a plan goes a long way towards bringing that plan into action, and paying off debts early is one of the surest ways to put money in your pocket over the long run.

68. Get a crock pot. A crock pot is perhaps the best deal on earth for reducing cooking costs in a busy family. You can just dump in your ingredients before work, put it on simmer, and dinner is done when you get home. There are countless recipes out there for all variety of foods, and every time you cook this way, you’re saving money as compared to eating out.

69. Do some basic home and auto maintenance on a regular schedule. Instead of just waiting until something breaks to deal with it, develop a monthly maintenance schedule where you go around your home (and your car) and perform a bit of maintenance where it’s needed. This little activity, taking you just an hour or two a month, will keep things from breaking down and help you see problems before they become disasters.

70. Pack food before you go on a road trip. Have everyone pack a sack lunch for the trip. That way, instead of stopping in the middle of the trip, driving around looking for a place to eat, spending a bunch of time there, and then paying a hefty bill, you can just eat on the road or, better yet, stop at a nice park and stretch for a bit. Plus, you’ll save a lot of money and a fair amount of time this way.

71. Go through your cell phone bill, look for services you don’t use, and ditch them. Sit down and go through each item on your bill and see if there’s anything there that you don’t use, like a surfeit of text messages or web access or something to that effect. Then call your cell phone company and ask to have those services eliminated. Boom, you’re saving money.

72. Consolidate your student loans. Interest rates are quite low right now, so it might be worthwhile to consolidate your student loans into one low-rate package. Look into the various student loan consolidation packages – even a 1% reduction on a $10,000 loan saves you $100 a year – and your loan is probably bigger than that (and the rate cut you could get is probably bigger).

73. When buying a car, go for late model used. These are typically cars coming straight off of leases, meaning they were cared for by reliable owners. My truck was purchased with this criteria and has lasted me several years already with only one significant issue – and I saved a ton of money on the purchase price over buying new. Only now is it beginning to show significant signs of aging – and with the money I saved on that purchase, I was able to get out of debt that much quicker.

74. Hit the library – hard. Don’t look at a library as just a place to get old books. Look at it as a free place to do all sorts of things. I’ve used it to learn a foreign language, meet people, use the Internet anonymously, check out movies and CDs, grab local free newspapers, and keep up on community events. Best of all, it doesn’t cost a dime.

75. Use a simple razor to shave. I’ve been a big advocate of the basic safety razor for a long time, but that’s just one piece of the puzzle. For “normal” shaves, I just shave in the shower and dry off the blade afterwards, using just soap for lather – incredibly cheap, since I only swap blades once every few weeks. The real moral of the story? Use a simple razor – not an expensive electric one that stops working in three years – and shave your face when it’s wet. You can get a very good shave with some practice and save a lot of money over the long haul.

76. Find daily inspiration for making intelligent moves. I’m usually inspired by my children. Perhaps you’re inspired to make changes by your spouse – or even by someone in the community you respect. Maybe it’s just a personal goal, like an early retirement. Find something that makes you want to make positive changes, then use that person or thing as a constant reminder. Keep a picture of it in your wallet, in your vehicle, and on your bathroom mirror. Keep it in your mind as much as you possibly can.

77. Find out about all of the benefits of your job. Most people aren’t even aware of all of the benefits available to them. Spend some time with an HR person finding out about all the benefits of your job – you might be surprised at what you might find. I found free tickets to sporting events, free personal improvement opportunities, and an optional employee match on some retirement funds that maximized the money I was socking away. This not only cut down on my own spending on things like sporting and community events and educational classes, but also improved my retirement plan.

78. Make your own items instead of buying them. I like to make my own laundry detergent and my own Goo-Gone, for starters. I also like making Glade, Windex, and Soft Scrub. In both cases, it’s way cheaper than buying the commercial version. Hunt around for recipes – it’s amazing how many things you can make at home in just a few minutes that saves a ton of money compared to the commercial version.

79. Encourage your friends to do less expensive activities. This is often a tricky thing to do, but there are a number of techniques you can try. My favorite one is to be the first one to suggest something – that often gives you the power to steer the group towards things that are cheaper. If you can convince your friends to go to the park and shoot hoops instead of going golfing, those green fees are going to stay in your pocket.

80. Don’t speed. Not only is it inefficient in terms of gasoline usage, it also can get you pulled over and cost you a bundle, as I discovered a while back. It’s highly cost-efficient to just drive the speed limit, keep that gas in the tank, and keep the cops off your tail.

81. Read more. Reading is one of the cheapest – and most beneficial – hobbies around. Most towns have a library available to the public – just go there and check out some books that interest you. Then, spend some of your free time in a cozy place in your house, just reading away. You’ll learn something new, improve your reading ability, enjoy yourself, and not have to spend a dime. Here are some more techniques for getting into the reading flow.

82. Buy a smaller house. I currently live in a 2,000 square foot house with my wife and two kids. Frankly, it’s just the right size for us – if anything, it’s a little big. We often find ourselves in the same room in the house, just surrounded by empty space. You don’t need a giant place to live. Instead, buy something more modest and you’ll find yourself with plenty of room – and still plenty of cash in your pocket.

83. Drive a different route to work. This is an especially powerful tip if you find yourself “automatically” stopping for something on the way into work or the way home. Get rid of that constant drain by selecting a different route that doesn’t go by the temptation, even if the new route is a bit longer. You’ll still be time ahead (because you’re not stopping) and you’ll definitely be money ahead.

84. Always ask for fees to be waived. Any time you sign up for a service of any kind and there are sign-up fees, ask for them to be waived. Sometimes (but not always), they will be – and you save money just by being forthright about not wanting to pay excessive fees. I did this with my last cell phone sign-up and got part of my fees waived, cutting down significantly on the bill.

85. Don’t overspend on hygiene products. For most people, inexpensive hygiene products do the trick – for example, I just buy whichever toothpaste is the cheapest, and the same goes with deodorant and the like. The key is to use this stuff regularly and consistently – bathe daily, keep yourself clean, and you’ll be just fine. No need to buy a $40 facial scrub if you actually scrub your face properly.

86. Eat less meat. For the nutritional value, meat is very expensive, especially as compared to vegetables and fruits. Simply change around your regular meal proportions to include more fruits and vegetables and less meats – eat a smaller steak and a bigger helping of green beans, for example. Not only is this a healthier way to eat (saving on health costs), it’s also less expensive.

87. Use a brutally effective coupon strategy. Here’s the trick: wait a month before using the coupons. Save your coupon flyer out of your Sunday paper for a month, then bust it out and start cutting anything that might be of interest. For a bonus kicker, use the coupons in comparison with your grocery store flyer that week to find out ways you can use a coupon to reduce the cost of an item already on sale – you can wind up paying pennies for some things and, on occasion, actually get food for free (I’ve came home with a ton of free yogurt containers before, for example).

88. Air seal your home. Most homes have some air leaks that make the job of keeping it cool in summer and warm in winter that much harder – and that much more costly for you. Spend an afternoon air sealing your home – the DoE has a great guide on basic airsealing.

89. Make your own beer or wine. If you enjoy an occasional drink, this is a great way to enjoy some of the beverages that you love at a very cheap price. You can easily make five gallons of beer or wine at once and it doesn’t take that long, either, once you have the basic ingredients. Even better, it’s a great activity to do with friends – you buy the equipment, they bring the juice and you both get a few bottles of delicious homemade wine out of the deal. A nice entertainment, plus some free beverages – that’s a great frugal deal.

90. Make sure all your electrical devices are on a surge protector. This is especially true of your entertainment center and your computer equipment. A power surge can damage these electronics very easily, so spend the money for a basic surge protector and keep your equipment plugged into such a device.

91. Get on an automatic debt repayment plan for any student loans you have. Many student loans offer a rate reduction if you sign up for their automatic debt repayment plan. This way, not only do you save a few bucks a month, you don’t have to go to the effort of actually paying the bill. Our automatic plan saved us about $60 a year.

92. Cut down on your vacation spending. Instead of going on a big, extravagant trip, pack up the car and see some of America some years for vacation. One of the best vacations I’ve ever taken was when my son was an infant – we just packed up the car and drove around Minnesota, eventually camping for a few days along the north shore of Lake Superior. For a week long relaxing vacation, it was incredibly cheap and quite memorable, too.

93. Cancel the cable or satellite channels you don’t watch. Many people with cable services often are paying for a premium package but rarely watch those extra channels. For the longest time, my wife and I were subscribed to HBO, Starz, and Cinemax, yet we would only tune in once a month at best. We argued that it was worth it because we could watch a movie or a great drama whenever we wanted, but it would have been far cheaper just to rent a movie. Get rid of the excess channels and put that cash back in your pocket.

94. Exercise more. Go for a walk or a jog each evening, and practice stretching and some light muscle exercise at home. These exercises can be done at home for very little, meaning you’ve got an activity without a lot of cost, and the health benefits are enormous. Just set aside some time each day to get some exercise, and your body and wallet will thank you.

95. Utilize online bill pay with your bank. This serves two purposes. First, it keeps you in much closer contact with your money, as you can keep a very close eye on your balance and be in much less danger of overdrafting. Second, it saves you money on stamps and paper checks by allowing you to just fill in an online form, click submit, and have your bill paid. Try it out – and take advantage of it if you’re not already.

96. Buy staples in bulk. We buy items we use a lot of in bulk, particularly items that don’t perish – trash bags, laundry detergent, diapers, and so on are purchased in the largest amounts possible. This cuts down on their cost per usage by quite a bit and, over the long haul, begins to add up to some serious money. Even better, we don’t have to shop for these items very often, saving time and a fraction of the cost of a trip to the grocery store.

97. Connect your entertainment center and/or computer setup to a true smart power strip. A device like the SmartStrip LCG4 basically cuts power to all devices on the strip depending on the status of the first item on the strip. So, if you have your workstation hooked up to this, every time you power down your workstation, your monitor powers down, your printer powers down, your scanner powers down, and so on. You can do the same thing with your entertainment console – when you turn off the television, the cable/satellite box also goes off, as does the video game console, the VCR, the DVD player, and so on. This can save you a lot of electricity and significantly trim your power bill.

98. Don’t beat yourself up when you make a mistake. Even if you make ten good choices, it’s easy to beat yourself up and feel like a failure over one bad choice. If you make a big mistake and realize it, think about why you realized it now instead of then, and try to apply that later on. The memory of that mistake can end up being very valuable, indeed.

99. Always keep looking ahead. Don’t let the mistakes of your past drag you down into more mistakes. Look ahead to the future. The choices you make now won’t affect the past – but they definitely will affect the future. Think back, and remember how the bad choices you made earlier are costing you now, and constantly remember to not make those mistakes now so that they don’t cost your future self.

100. Never give up. Whenever the struggle against debt feels like it’s too much, go read a personal finance blog and remember that there are a lot of people out there fighting the same fight. Read around through the archives and learn some new things – and perhaps get inspired to keep going, no matter what.

sumber : http://www.thesimpledollar.com

 
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Posted by pada April 29, 2008 in KEUANGAN

 

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Tips Berhemat Tidak Mencekik

Perempuan memang paling hobi bila diajak untuk berbelanja. Seringkali kaum perempuan tidak sadar sudah ada beberapa tentengan tas belanja di tangan saat berada di pusat belanja favoritnya. Setelah berbelanja barulah mereka sadar bahwa tagihan kartu kredit di akhir bulan membengkak.

Bila anda sering mengalami kejadian tersebut mungkin kini saatnya anda memanage keuangan anda. Anda tidak perlu membayangkan bahwa dengan berhemat anda tidak bisa ber-shopping ria. Yang anda hanya butuh beberapa langkah untuk menyiasati uang belanja anda. Simak berikut ini agar anda bisa melakukan penghematan dalam pengeluaran tanpa harus tercekik.

Kartu Kredit. Sebenarnya kartu ini merupakan pisau bermata dua. Karena kartu ini bisa menjadi dewa penolong tapi juga sebagai dewa penjagal. Semua itu tergantung pada bagaimana kelihaian anda dalam menggunakannya. Cobalah anda batasi penggunaan kartu kredit dan usakan untuk membayar lunas setiap tagihan. Bila memang anda punya dananya sebaiknya hindari pembayaran minimum payment-nya saja karena justru membuat bunga jadi berbunga di bulan selanjutnya. Bagi anda yang memiliki hobi mengoleksi kartu kredit, sebenarnya sangat berbahaya. Sebaiknya anda cukup pegang maksimal 2 kartu kredit. Pemilikan kartu kredit yang banyak malah akan membebani anda dengan iuran tahunan kartu.

List prioritas belanjaan. Buatlah daftar barang-barang penting yang harus anda prioritaskan untuk dibelanjakan. Tanamkan control pada diri anda untuk selalu membeli barang-barang yang benar-benar anda butuhkan bukannya barang-barang yang anda inginkan. Anda harus bisa mendisiplinkan diri anda. Bila tidak sanggup, cobalah ajak orang yang bisa mengingatkan anda mengontrol diri saat belanja.

No brand minded. Anda tidak perlu membeli barang yang bermerk bila anda bisa mendapatkan barang yang murah. Anda tidak perlu menguras isi kantong kan? Cobalah untuk mencari alternatif belanja dengan memburu barang import di factory outlet. Atau tidak ada salahnya menunggu merk kesayangan mengadakan sale.

Siasat ganda. Menekan pengeluaran juga bisa dilakukan dengan membeli barang-barang yang kurang lebih sebenarnya memiliki fungsi sama. Bila anda terbiasa dengan membeli pewangi dan pelembut pakaian secara terpisah, kenapa tidak anda coba untuk membeli produk deterjen yang wanginya awet. Anda juga bisa membeli kemasan refill karena biasanya harganya relatif lebih murah. Jadi berhemat bukan berarti anda harus mencekik leher anda kan? Selamat berhemat…

 
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Posted by pada April 26, 2008 in KEUANGAN

 

Buy Nothing Day

Irit Duit di Buy Nothing Day
Nurvita Indarini – detikcom

Jakarta – Berapa kali Anda belanja dalam sebulan? Berapa banyak uang yang Anda habiskan untuk belanja? Apakah belanjaan Anda benar-benar barang yang dibutuhkan?

Belanja adalah aktivitas yang kerap membutuhkan uang banyak. Tak jarang, kantong pun terkuras habis. Belanja diidentikkan sebagian kalangan sebagai pola hidup konsumerisme. Kegiatan ini bahkan menjadi hobi beberapa orang.

Tahukah Anda Buy Nothing Day alias hari tanpa belanja? Buy Nothing Day bukan istilah baru. Namun belum banyak orang yang tahu dan berniat menjalani hari tanpa belanja ini.

Di berbagai belahan bumi, hari tanpa belanja tidak dirayakan seragam. Di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada biasanya dirayakan pada sehari setelah perayaan Thanksgiving. Pada 2007 ini, AS merayakan pada 28 November 2007. Menurut wikipedia, Hari Tanpa Belanja di Indonesia biasa dirayakan pada Sabtu
pekan terakhir bulan November.

Hari Tanpa Belanja ini telah dirayakan secara internasional di lebih dari 30 negara. Perayaannya dipilih berdasarkan hari yang paling memungkinkan orang-orang menghabiskan waktu untuk berbelanja.

Kegiatan ini pertama kali dicetuskan oleh seniman dari Vancouver bernama Ted Dave yang kemudian dipromosikan oleh majalah Adbusters Kanada pada 1993. Orang-orang yang merayakan hari tersebut tidak akan bertransaksi jual-beli selama 24 jam. Lalu biasanya partisipan melakukan kampanye menyerukan bahaya konsumerisme kepada publik, dan mengajak mereka untuk berpartisipasi.

Mengutip dari wikipedia, tujuan Hari Tanpa Belanja adalah untuk memberikan kesadaran publik agar lebih peka terhadap apa yang dibeli, dan seharusnya mempertanyakan produk-produk yang dibeli dan perusahaan-perusahaan yang membuatnya. Selain iti juga membuat orang berhenti dan berpikir tentang
apa dan seberapa banyak yang mereka beli telah berpengaruh pada lingkungan dan negara-negara berkembang.

Anda adalah apa yang Anda Beli. Memang tidak berlebihan bila kegiatan belanja sedikit direm. Sebab di sudut lain Bumi ini masih banyak kaum papa yang sulit mendapat makan dan mengakses pendidikan.
(nvt/ana)

 
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Posted by pada April 25, 2008 in KEUANGAN

 

Tips Berhemat

Tips Berhemat

Dalam mengelola keuangan keluarga tentunya tidak lepas dari biaya, dari sekian banyak biaya, sebenarnya banyak yngg bisa ditekan apabila kita bisa menyadarinya. Masalahnya seringkali kita tidak sadar atau mengabaikannya karena menganggap biaya tersebut kecil. Di saat keuangan keluarga menjadi kritis barulah kita melakukan penghematan besar besaran dan penghematan yg terlalu drastis bisa memicu konflik dalam keluarga tersebut. Berikut ini ada sebagian tips untuk menghindarinya, dan sudah barang tentu memerlukan komitmen dari anda sekeluarga.

Selain masalah gaji, bersaing dengan rekan pegawai yg lebih muda adalah masalah lain yg anda hadapi selain gaji. Dengan ilmunya lebih ‘CANGGIH’, dengan ide yg baru, motivasi kerja lebih tinggi, dan bersedia dibayar dengan gaji lebih rendah. Sudah barang tentu atasan anda atau pemilik perusahaan akan ‘melirik’ ke rekan anda tersebut, dan lambat laun anda akan semakin tenggelam.

Hutang Adalah Biaya

Jika anda punya hutang, entah itu itu hutang kepada bank, hutang kepada kreditor, maka anda diharusnya membayar bunga. Misalkan anda berhutang ke Bank senilai 100jt kepada bank dengan bunga 18%/thn, maka anda akan dibebani biaya sebesar 1.5juta setiap bulannya. Jadi hutang adalah biaya, semakin lama anda melunasinya, semakin besar biaya yg anda tanggung. Coba hitung apabila anda berhutang dengan janga waktu 3 tahun, biaya yg anda tanggung adalah 1.5jt x36 = 54jt, lebih dari 50% dari pokok pinjaman. Jika anda punya hutang, segera lunasi hutang anda. Jika belum punya janganlah coba coba berhutang.

Orang Yg Kita Cintai Bisa Menjadi Biaya

Jika suami/istri atau anak kita berulang tahun, kita selalu ingin memerikan hadiah ulang tahun yg spesial, seperti arloji baru, mainan barru, baju yang mahal, dsb. Padahal belum tentu mereka memerlukannya dan menginginkannya. Jika anda membelikan anda (pria) membelikan 1 set peralatan make up yg mahal kepada istri anda, sudah barang tentu biaya dalam keluarga anda bertambah, akan tetapi apabila membelikan istri anda sebuah kalung emas lengkap dengan liontinnya, sebenarnya anda telah melakukan INVESTASI. Jika keluarga anda di kemudian hari mengalami krisis keuangan kalung itu masih bisa dijual dengan harga tinggi, bahkan harganya sudah naik. Jadi apa yg akan anda belikan kepada istri anda? Perhiasan dari emas? Atau peralatan kosmetik yg mahal?

Berhemat Yg Salah Bisa Jadi Biaya

Mungkin anda sering melihat iklan di televisi/radio yg menyaran anda membeli lampu neon daripada lampu pijar. Memang benar apa yg disarankan iklan tersebut, jangan asal membeli lampu neon dengan harga yg murah dan berumur pendek, cobalah beralih ke lampu neon yg harganya sedikit lebih mahal dengan usia yg jauh lebih lama.

Rasa Malas Juga Biaya

Malas mematikan lampu, komputer, maupun peralatan listrik lainnya jika sedang tidak dipergunakan adalah biaya biaya yg harus ditanggung oleh anda sekeluarga, seindonesia bahkan sedunia. Sebagian besar listrik di dunia saat ini adalah masih menggunakan solar yg diolah dari bahan tambang dan kita semua sudah mengetahui bahwa jumlah bahan tambang ini terbatas, semakin lama akan semakin menipis, dan harganya tiap tahun pasti akan naik, dengan naiknya permintaan naik pula harganya. Dan sudah barang tentu tarif listrik akan naik. Oleh sebab itu biasakanlah anda sendiri, dan keluarga anda untuk menggunakan listrik sehemat mungkin.

Semoga tips-tips diatas bisa bermanfaat untuk anda dan keluarga, lalukanlah secara bertahap, karena merubah kebiasaan ada hal yg tidak mudahm tapi hal itu tetap mungkin dilakukan. Selamat mencoba.

kontributor artikel: AF

 
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Posted by pada April 25, 2008 in KEUANGAN

 

BELANJA TAKTIS DI MASA KRISIS

Saat inflasi mencapai dua digit seperti sekarang, rakyat juga yang menderita. Harga barang melonjak-lonjak, tapi pendapatannya tetap. Akibatnya, penghasilan tidak lagi cukup untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan. Bagaimana menyiasatinya?

Anda termasuk kategori orang yang mudah tergoda untuk berbelanja? Dalam salah satu makalah yang dimuat Jurnal Riset Pemasaran Kualitatif, diungkapkan fenomena dorongan berbelanja yang impulsif, dadakan.

Ada empat jenis pembelanja dadakan ini. Pertama, tipe kompensatif. Contohnya, orang yang punya selemari penuh pakaian yang belum dipakai dan jajaran sepatu baru. Semua barang itu dibeli untuk meningkatkan rasa harga diri, pelarian dari masalah pekerjaan, rumah, dan keluarga.

Tipe kedua adalah yang selalu tergoda untuk belanja di musim obral, meski barang baru akan dipakai beberapa bulan lagi. Kelompok akseleratif ini terlalu bersemangat mengantisipasi kebutuhan di masa depan.

Bagaimana dengan orang yang semula cuma jalan-jalan ke mal, begitu pulang sudah menandatangani kontrak pembelian rumah atau mobil baru? Ini kelompok terobosan, yang membeli barang mahal tanpa rencana. Biasanya, tindakan membeli itu melambangkan dimulainya suatu babak baru dalam kehidupannya. Walau diakui, hasrat memiliki barang itu sudah lama ada.

Tipe terakhir – ini yang paling sulit dimengerti – adalah kelompok jenis pembeli buta, yang membeli tanpa pertimbangan sama sekali.
Meski semua pembeli tipe dadakan ini selalu akan merasa bersalah, namun ada juga yang kemudian mencoba menemukan alasan rasional di balik ulahnya. Alasan rasional itulah yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh penjual, yang tidak jarang cukup ampuh untuk membangkitkan dorongan membeli, demi kepuasan diri belaka.

Rayuan sekaligus tekanan
Salah satu kiat pedagang membujuk konsumen secara efektif adalah dengan iklan. Namun, besar jugakah manfaat iklan bagi konsumen? Sangat diragukan, sebab sedikit sekali iklan berisi informasi yang benar dan tepat. Padahal iklan berakibat langsung pada naiknya harga.

Kunci tindakan ekonomis adalah jangan memperhatikan iklan, kecuali berisi informasi yang berguna, misalnya kandungan bahan dan harga. Tetaplah berpatokan pada harga dan kualitas yang telah kita tentukan.

Calon konsumen harus memahami, salah satu trik iklan adalah bahasa rayuan. Ada yang memancing untuk membahagiakan diri sendiri. Misalnya, “Manjakan diri Anda setelah lelah dengan berbagai urusan kantor, pekerjaan rumah tangga, dan anak”. Contoh lain, membandingkan belanja seseorang dengan pengeluaran pasangannya, “Bila pasangan Anda memakai uang untuk pakaian, kosmetika, dan merawat rambut, bagaimana dengan Anda?”

Hati-hati juga dengan iklan yang menyebut konsumennya ekonomis dan rasional bila membeli produknya. Perhatikan saja, bujukan ini biasanya justru mematok harga yang lebih mahal.

Namun, trik yang paling banyak dipakai dan efektif memancing konsumen adalah permainan harga. Salah satunya mematok harga dengan angka ekor 99 atau 88, misalnya Rp 999,- atau Rp 988,-. Konsumen jadi berpikir, harga barang cuma Rp 900,- bukan Rp 1000,-. Padahal, nilainya lebih dekat ke Rp 1000,-.

Permainan lain adalah jumlah ganda. Sering pengecer mengemas produk yang harganya Rp 2.000,-/buah menjadi Rp 20.000,-/kemasan berisi 10 buah, bahkan didiskon 5% menjadi Rp 19.000,-. Tujuannya, agar perputaran stok jadi lebih cepat. Konsumen yang cuma perlu 1 – 2 buah terdorong membeli 10 buah. Jika tidak perlu sebanyak itu, jangan membeli meski harganya sedikit lebih murah. Selain itu, orang cenderung boros bila banyak persediaan di rumah.

Sedangkan harga kombinasi yang sering dipakai berupa paket di restoran. Misalnya, satu paket berisi burger, kentang goreng, dan minuman. Kalau dihitung, harganya sering tidak jauh lebih murah dibanding kalau membeli per satuan. Terlebih kalau yang diperlukan cuma burger dan minuman. Jadi, sebaiknya membeli per satuan sesuai kebutuhan. Hal yang sama berlaku pula untuk kampanye “Beli 1 Gratis 1″.

Waspadai tawaran harga murah yang sering dipakai untuk memancing calon pembeli. Begitu konsumen datang, penjual menjawab, produk itu sudah habis, atau mutunya buruk. Lalu ditawarkan produk lain yang lebih mahal.

Pernahkah Anda kerepotan menghadapi cecaran pramuniaga? Hal itu sengaja dilakukan agar konsumen tidak sempat berpikir panjang sehingga batal membeli. Sebelum menyesal karena membeli barang yang kurang penting atau membuang uang secara percuma, sisihkan waktu untuk bertanya pada diri sendiri, seberapa perlu produk itu. Pertimbangkan juga layanan purnajual serta kualitas.

Cara demikian banyak diterapkan berupa penjualan langsung ke rumah (direct marketing). Kelebihannya, selain penjual lebih mudah memperagakan, suasananya pun santai karena bebas gangguan dari pramuniaga atau pengunjung lain. Calon konsumen pun mudah terbujuk setelah melihat langsung kelebihan produk; hal yang tak mungkin dilakukan dalam penjualan via katalog, media TV, dan iklan komersial.

Lain lagi dengan toko eceran (ritel). Mereka memaksimalkan tata ruang sebagai iklan, khususnya untuk produk pakaian, peralatan, dan toko diskon. Tata ruang yang menarik membuat konsumen menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu di toko, melihat makin banyak barang, memperhatikan barang-barang murah (meski kurang dibutuhkan), dan akhirnya membeli secara impulsif.

Agar mencolok, produk biasanya ditata dekat pintu masuk – misalnya minuman ringan yang disusun membentuk piramida di tengah jalan – atau meletakkan produk setinggi pandangan mata. Cara lain dengan menaruh rak berisi permen karet, rokok, permen, dan majalah di pintu kasir dengan harapan konsumen serta merta mengambil. Sedangkan barang obral biasa dipasang di dekat jalan keluar dengan harapan konsumen akan membeli satu dua buah, selagi murah. Itulah sebabnya susu, daging, dan sayur-mayur dipajang di belakang.

Alternatif pilihan
Banyak orang membelanjakan uang tanpa menimbang hal lain apa yang didapat dengan uang itu. Banyak konsumen cepat memutuskan ingin sesuatu dan langsung membeli, meski berhutang.

Ekonom menyebutnya opportunity cost. Misalnya, kita punya tiket gratis untuk menonton sirkus, tapi di saat bersamaan kita bisa menonton pertandingan sepakbola di TV. Jika memilih menonton sirkus, kita akan kehilangan kesempatan nonton sepakbola plus biaya transportasi ke sirkus. Pilihan lain, bila menonton TV di rumah, maka terbuang kesempatan nonton sirkus.

Konsep mempertimbangkan opportunity cost bisa juga diterapkan dalam manajemen keuangan pribadi. Dengan menyusun anggaran belanja, faktor opportunity cost ini mau tak mau kita perhitungkan.

Kalau ingin menyekolahkan anak ke perguruan tinggi, menyelesaikan kredit rumah, atau membeli mobil baru, hitunglah berapa banyak uang harus disisihkan, berapa lama tabungan terkumpul, kenikmatan apa yang bakal harus dikurangi.

Cara paling sederhana adalah membuat dua lajur, lajur pertama: penghasilan dan simpanan, dan lajur kedua: pengeluaran. Kurangkan lajur kedua dengan lajur pertama. Bandingkan hasilnya dengan aset mula-mula. Apakah tetap, bertambah, atau malah berkurang? Bila aset tetap, bahkan cenderung menyusut, amati tiap pos pengeluaran; bila mungkin lakukan pemangkasan pos yang tak perlu.

Benarkah ada harga ada mutu?
Kunci keberhasilan anggaran belanja adalah tidak berbelanja barang yang kurang bermanfaat.

Saat menyusun anggaran belanja, susun pula daftar barang yang dibutuhkan setiap bulan. Perhatikan bahwa barang yang akan dibeli benar-benar yang dibutuhkan, tentukan juga merek, mutu, dan harganya. Jadikan daftar itu acuan saat berbelanja.

Carilah informasi tentang berbagai harga barang, baik dalam koran, majalah, maupun teman-teman. Paling tepat adalah melanggan koran lokal yang sering memuat iklan barang murah. Tak hanya harga, Anda bisa mendapat hasil uji barang konsumen dalam majalah khusus untuk konsumen, seperti yang diterbitkan oleh YLKI. Informasi serupa kadang juga dimuat di koran atau majalah.

Informasi terakhir akan sangat berguna bila Anda berniat membeli barang yang tidak murah. Apakah semakin mahal itu semakin bermutu? Meski sudah membayar jauh lebih mahal, barang yang didapat tidak selalu jauh lebih baik. Sering bedanya sangat kecil, malah tidak ada. Bayangkan, ada produsen menjual dua barang yang sama persis yang diiklankan dengan merek dan harga yang berbeda.

Sebaliknya, harga mahal bisa jadi indikasi produksi yang tidak efisien, biaya iklan dan promosi tinggi, serta mark up yang besar pada pengecer. Padahal, meningkatnya kualitas jarang berakibat pada kenaikan harga.

Maka, jadilah konsumen yang cerdik. Untuk barang mahal cara paling tepat mencari informasi adalah dengan mengacu pada hasil uji lembaga konsumen atau pengalaman orang yang pernah memakai.

Sedangkan untuk produk sehari-hari, tidak salah bila mencoba sepotong produk pesaing yang lebih murah, lalu bandingkan dengan produk yang dipakai selama ini. Kecuali memang ada bukti mutu buruknya, lebih bijak berasumsi, “Barang murah dengan mutu baik juga ada, kok!”

Rencana belanja
Pernahkah Anda kehabisan sampo dan terpaksa membeli di toko terdekat dengan harga yang lebih mahal? Semua barang bisa jadi lebih mahal bila terburu-buru.

Belajar dari pengalaman itu, sebelum berbelanja buatlah daftar. Berbelanjalah secara sistematis agar tidak banyak waktu terbuang untuk mencari-cari barang belanjaan. Orang yang lelah dan terlalu lama belanja cenderung menghabiskan lebih banyak uang untuk barang yang tak perlu. Agar sistematis, kelompokkan daftar belanjaan, misalnya kelompok sayuran, macam-macam daging dan ikan, alat kebersihan, dll.

Yang perlu dibeli adalah bahan sehari-hari, seperti gula, garam, susu. Juga bahan yang seharusnya dibeli di pertengahan minggu ini – namun tidak bisa ditunda hingga minggu depan – misalnya daging, buah-buahan, saus, sabun cuci, sampo, dll.

Tahap selanjutnya, memilih toko atau pasar yang menjual murah atau dengan potongan barang-barang itu. Pastikan bahwa letak toko terjangkau, agar biaya transpor tidak jadi lebih mahal dibandingkan potongan harga yang didapat. Pertimbangkan juga berbelanja di pasar tradisional, dengan syarat harus pandai memilih barang dan menawar.

Perhatikan barang apa yang sedang mendapat potongan harga khusus, sehingga berlaku prinsip, sesuaikan menu dengan bahan-bahan yang sedang murah. Pilihlah hasil bumi yang sedang melimpah.

Bila berbelanja dalam jumlah banyak, perhatikan saat kasir menghitung. Apalagi kalau di pasar swalayan dengan deretan panjang orang mengantre di belakang Anda. Bisa saja kasir salah hitung karena terburu-buru. Maka, susunlah barang belanjaan dengan rapi, sehingga Anda tahu persis berapa jenis barang belanjaan dan berapa bungkus.

Biasakan pula membawa kalkulator kecil (jangan takut dicap orang pelit). Selain untuk mengecek jumlah total belanja, juga menghitung perbandingan harga, produk mana yang paling murah. Apakah yang dalam kantung kecil, sedang, atau besar.

Salah satu cara bijak belanja adalah mengurangi pemakaian kartu kredit dan lebih mengutamakan uang tunai. Usahakan tidak menggunakan kartu kredit kecuali terpaksa, serta dalam jumlah yang terjangkau. Menurut ahli manajemen keuangan, belanja maksimal dengan kartu kredit setiap bulan hanya 30% dari penghasilan. Selebihnya, pasti kesulitan untuk melunasi tagihan.

Cara termudah untuk mengatasinya, kunci kartu kredit di laci lemari atau masukkan ke kompartemen dompet paling dalam. Sebenarnya, tidak sulit hidup tanpa kartu kredit.

Penghematan di sana-sini
Salah satu cara berhemat adalah dengan memanfaatkan musim obral. Obral sering diadakan menjelang akhir perayaan hari raya. Jadi, belilah barang yang awet yang bisa disimpan untuk perayaan berikutnya. Misalnya pohon Natal, kartu ucapan, kopiah, sarung, dsb.

Menyangkut makanan, cara berhemat adalah dengan mengurangi kebiasaan makan di restoran. Benarkah lebih nyaman, hemat waktu, bahkan lebih murah? Alasan menghemat waktu paling mudah ditolak. Mari dihitung, berapa lama waktu diperlukan untuk menuju tempat makan dan menunggu makanan disajikan. Murah? Bandingkan, jika untuk berempat perlu biaya Rp 50.000,- sekali makan di restoran, sedangkan makan di rumah paling Rp 10.000,-. Selisih Rp 40.000,- besar bukan? Ini bukan menafikan kegiatan makan di luar. Tips ini hanya mengingatkan untuk berpikir rasional di masa krisis, mana yang perlu dan tidak perlu.

Mengurangi belanja makan siang bagi yang bekerja di luar rumah juga mampu mengurangi pengeluaran. Sebagai gantinya, bawalah makan siang dari rumah. Jumlah yang dihemat tergantung letak tempat kerja dan jenis makanan yang dijual di sekitarnya.

Agar tak membosankan, makan siang cukup bervariasi. Selain itu, juga tidak merepotkan untuk dibuat dan disiapkan. Tak cuma hemat, makanan dari rumah relatif lebih bersih dan gizinya terjamin. Tidak tertutup kemungkinan untuk makan siang bersama teman sekantor dengan masing-masing membawa menu rumah.

Yang modern tak ekonomis
Melihat kebutuhan menjadi kunci utama bila berencana membeli rumah atau mobil. Sebuah keluarga kecil tidak perlu memaksakan untuk memiliki rumah besar dengan banyak ruangan atau mobil besar. Rumah besar perlu biaya pembangunan mahal, perawatan yang tinggi, pajak yang tinggi, dan mebel yang lebih banyak. Selain itu, rumah besar lebih sulit dijual lagi. Jika ada uang lebih, carilah rumah di lokasi yang lebih baik atau model rumah yang lebih hemat energi.

Sebelum membeli mobil baru, hitung untung-rugi memiliki mobil baru dan tua. Berapa biaya untuk memperbaiki mobil tua Anda. Sedangkan mobil baru akan memberikan masalah berupa nilai penyusutan dan pajak yang tinggi.

Serupa dengan mobil, orang cenderung membeli alat elektronik penuh tombol otomatis. Dari segi ekonomis, hal itu tidak tepat. Selain lebih mahal, akibat tambahan tombol otomatis, produk demikian biasanya gampang rusak. Jadi, model yang terlalu “modern” selain lebih mahal, juga perlu biaya perawatan lebih besar. Maka, pilihlah produk dengan model sederhana, yang juga lebih murah.

Selain yang digerakkan tenaga listrik, ada alat-alat yang dijalankan secara manual. Selain hemat biaya listrik atau baterai, peralatan itu juga mudah diperbaiki. Contohnya pencukur jenggot, kocokan telur, dll.
Belajarlah merawat sendiri barang-barang Anda. Seperti mengganti sendiri oli mobil dan saringannya. Inilah gunanya menyimpan baik-baik buku manual mobil. Kalau buku itu sudah tidak ada, perhatikan yang dilakukan mekanik di bengkel saat mengganti oli.

Menjaga kesehatan juga berhemat. Misalnya, dengan berolahraga. Carilah olahraga yang murah seperti lari atau senam yang bisa dilakukan di berbagai tempat. Selain itu hentikan – atau jangan mulai – kebiasaan yang merusak kesehatan, misalnya merokok. Merokok adalah “hobi” yang mahal, bila pengeluarannya dihitung secara akumulasi dalam 1 – 5 tahun. Kalaupun jatuh sakit, cobalah minta resep obat generik.

Masih banyak tindakan penghematan lain. Tak salah bila Anda amati dan praktikkan. Seperti tutur sebuah iklan – yang ini boleh ditiru – hemat (bukan pelit) itu nikmat. (Dari pelbagai sumber/Sht)

 
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Posted by pada April 25, 2008 in KEUANGAN

 

Kaitkata:

Berhemat Yang Benar

Buat yang mau belajar berhemat)
Deni adalah seorang copywriter di sebuah biro iklan lokal. Teman- temannya mengatakan bahwa Deni sedang kesulitan keuangan. Kok tahu?
Ya taulah. Karena setiap kali kekurangan uang, Deni selalu sibuk meminjam uang sana sini. Beberapa temannya ada yang menolak karena setiap bulan dia hampir selalu meminjam uang.

Memang, setelah gajian utangnya pasti dibayar, tapi beberapa hari kemudian pinjam lagi. Lama-kelamaan teman-temannya merasa keberatan. Kalau sudah demikian, maka Deni sibuk mencari-cari siapa yang dapat meminjamkan uangnya.

Akhirnya Deni mendapatkan juga uang yang dibutuhkannya dari pinjaman seorang office boy. Sebenarnya Deni malu. Uangnya sudah habis padahal baru tanggal 16. Dia sudah tidak punya uang lagi untuk naik taxi ke kantor dan untuk biaya makan.

Ketika dia sedang berkeluh kesah dan bingung, tiba-tiba office boy menawarkan uangnya. Dia tidak sampai hati melihat Deni kesulitan. Deni tadinya menolak karena malu. Masak staf meminjam uang dari office boy?

Tapi orang tersebut benar-benar rela ingin membantunya, sehingga akhirnya Deni menerima bantuannya.

Dalam hati kecilnya Deni merasa sangat malu. Malu sekali!. Tapi Deni terpaksa menerimanya, dia benar-benar tidak punya uang. Keesokan harinya dia ingin mencari office boy tersebut dan mengajaknya berbincang-bincang.

Deni penasaran. Mengapa office boy tersebut bisa punya uang lebih dan bahkan bisa meminjamkan uangnya kepada Deni? Bukankah gaji Deni lebih besar? Mereka sama-sama masih bujangan, belum menikah. Tapi, mengapa office boy tersebut bisa menyimpan uang sedangkan Deni selalu kehabisan uang? Kok bisa? Apa kuncinya?

Siangnya Deni baru mendapat kesempatan untuk berbincang-bincang dan bertukar pikiran. Office boy itu memang sangat istimewa. Dia paling rajin bekerja. Paling tuntas mengerjakan semua tugasnya. Tidak pernah terlambat masuk kerja. Padahal kalau dilihat penampilannya sepertinya biasa saja. Orangnya sederhana, agak kurus dan sopan, tapi tidak terkesan menjilat.

Sambil makan siang bersama di warung sebelah, Deni mulai menggali kunci sukses menyimpan uang yang dilakukan office boy tersebut. “Bagaimana caranya sih, kok bisa mempunyai uang lebih? Gaji saya selalu habis setelah tengah bulan.” Deni membuka percakapan.

Office boy tersebut mulai bercerita. “Saya dulu juga begitu, mas. Gaji saya selalu habis sebelum akhir bulan. Akhirnya saya terpaksa meminjam dari teman. Tapi setelah meminjam, rasanya gaji saya semakin tidak cukup. Karena setiap kali gajian, saya harus mengembalikan uang yang saya pinjam di bulan sebelumnya.

Jadi uang gaji saya berkurang. Akibatnya saya semakin kekurangan mas. Gaji utuh saja tidak cukup, apalagi setelah dipotong untuk membayar utang. Ya, semakin berkurang lah mas. Semakin lama, utang saya semakin banyak”

Benar juga, pikir Deni. Pikiran yang sederhana tapi mengandung kebenaran karena seperti itulah yang dialaminya. “Jadi bagaimana caranya melepaskan diri dari lilitan utang?” tanya Deni.

“Waktu itu saya diajari oleh nenek saya. Saya pernah pulang kampung tanpa membawa uang banyak. Waktu itu nenek saya bertanya kemana gaji saya. Saya bilang sudah habis. Langsung saya dipanggil dan diberi wejangan oleh beliau.” katanya.

Nenek saya berkata: “Uang itu seperti air. Air selalu mengalir ke tempat yang lebih rendah. Kalau tidak dibendung, maka air akan mengalir terus. Seperti sungai. Harus dibendung. Setelah dibendung, maka uang akan berhenti mengalir dan akan mulai bertambah banyak.”

Hidup prihatin

Waktu itu saya bertanya: “Bagaimana cara membendungnya? ” Nenek saya menjawab tegas:”Prihatin. Bulan depan jangan utang lagi.”

“Tapi nanti kurang nek.”

“Tidak”, kata nenek. “Begini caranya. Begitu terima gaji, segera lunasi utangmu. Sisanya harus dicukupkan untuk sebulan. Jangan utang. Kamu jangan makan di luar atau jajan. Kalau perlu makan nasi putih dan garam, kecap atau kerupuk saja. Pasti cukup.” Lalu saya diajak menghitung berapa uang yang harus saya sisihkan untuk ongkos, berapa untuk beli beras, garam, kecap dan kerupuk, dan lain-lain.

Nenek benar-benar meminta saya hidup secara prihatin. Saya tidak boleh naik ojek lagi. Dari rumah saya harus berjalan kaki ke jalan raya tempat saya naik angkutan umum. Pulangnya juga tidak naik ojek karena ojek cukup mahal. Uang saya memang pas-pasan untuk hidup ngirit seperti itu. Tapi memang cukup sih.”

“Bulan depannya, saya disarankan untuk melanjutkan hidup seperti itu. Bulan depannya, uang gaji saya sudah mulai ada yang bisa saya sisihkan untuk ditabung.

Bulan ketiga saya mulai makan lebih banyak demi menjaga kondisi tubuh saya, bukan lagi dengan garam dan kecap. Tapi dua bulan hidup sederhana telah membuat saya tidak ingin beli apa-apa lagi. Makanan saya cukup sederhana saja. Saya tidak lagi suka jajan. Saya tidak pernah naik ojek lagi. Dari situlah saya mulai bisa menabung mas. Sampai sekarang.”

Deni bertanya:”Boleh tahu berapa tabungan kamu? Tapi kalau kamu keberatan menjawab, tidak apa-apa. Tak usah dijawab.”

“Tidak apa-apa mas. Tabungan saya hampir enam juta rupiah. Saya ingin menabung untuk biaya pernikahan saya tahun depan Mas.”

Deni hanya bisa terharu. Yang penting niat. Kalau mau ngirit, pasti bisa. Mengapa uangnya habis terus? Karena pengeluaran Deni cukup besar. Padahal sebenarnya bisa dikurangi. Tapi Deni cenderung memanjakan dirinya. Dia selalu memilih naik taxi. Makan siang selalu di luar, tidak pernah mau membawa nasi atau makanan dari rumah. Pengeluarannya jauh melebihi gaji yang diperolehnya.

Rasa haru campur malu membuat Deni bertekad mengubah cara hidupnya. Dia juga ingin membendung uang yang dimilikinya. Dia takkan membiarkan uangnya mengalir terus. Harus segera dibendung. Mulai kapan? Hari ini! Change! Start today! Start now!
sumber : http://nurkireina82.multiply.com/

 
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Posted by pada April 25, 2008 in KEUANGAN

 

Avoiding Polypharmacy Pitfalls

http://www.pharmacytimes.com/issues/articles/2006-01_2981.asp

Avoiding Polypharmacy Pitfalls: It’s All in Your Approach

Jeannette Yeznach Wick, RPh, MBA, FASCP

*Polypharmacy*—which technically translates to “many drugs”—has many
meanings. The Health Alliance Plan, a subsidiary of the Henry Ford Health
System, defines *polypharmacy* as “the unwanted duplication of drugs that
often results when patients go to multiple physicians or pharmacies.”1 Other
researchers implicate anywhere from 5 to 10 drugs as a signal of
polypharmacy.2-5

Pharmacists have legitimate concerns about polypharmacy (Table 1) and
frequently try to address it. Nonetheless, the vague definition of
polypharmacy contributes to prescribers’ eye-rolling when well-meaning
pharmacists try to intervene. What pitfalls can pharmacists avoid to improve
communication?
Table 1.
Possible Negative Outcomes of Polypharmacy
- Non adherence, especiallu with complex drug regimens
- Adverse drug reactions
- Drug-drug interactions
- Increased risk of hospitalizations
- Medications error
- Increased medication or treatment costs

*Pitfall #1: An Inflexible Definition*

Defining *polypharmacy *with a strict number may deny patients access to
necessary drugs. Prescribers may find pharmacists who use number-driven
definitions less credible than those who broaden the definition to an
outcomes-based assessment. This broader definition involves the question,
“Is every drug clinically indicated for this unique patient and prescribed
at its lowest effective dose?” If the answer is no, polypharmacy is a
problem.8

*Pitfall #2: Failure to Acknowledge* *Legitimate Polypharmacy*

Some conditions create complex care needs. They cannot be treated with
simple regimens. Evidence-based treatment regimens for heart failure, for
example, recommend an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a
betablocker, an aldosterone antagonist, =1 antihypertensives, a diuretic,
digoxin, and an anticoagulant.9 Diabetic patients need additional drugs. A
diagnosis of heart failure has been linked to an increased risk of
nonadherence because of the number of drugs needed.10

Other conditions that frequently require polypharmacy are cancer, mental
illness, and hypertension. Polypharmacy is so frequent among the mentally
ill that the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors
has identified 5 subtypes11:

(1) Same-class polypharmacy (eg, the use of paroxetine and fluoxetine; this
type of polypharmacy is almost always inappropriate)

(2) Multiclass polypharmacy (eg, the use of full doses of drugs from
different medication classes to treat the same symptom cluster)

(3) Adjunctive polypharmacy (eg, the use of =1 drugs to treat side effects
of another)

(4) Augmentation (eg, the use of a medication at a low dose to augment
another, or adding a medication that would not be used alone to treat a
symptom cluster)

(5) Total polypharmacy

Legitimate polypharmacy usually is supported by guidelines or treatment
algorithms developed by leaders in the field.

*Pitfall #3: Ignoring the Patient*

A complete assessment for polypharmacy must include a medication history
from the patient or the patient’s proxy. Using open-ended questions and
wellplaced prompts, pharmacists should ask patients about their prescription
and nonprescription medication use. One of the most troublesome sequels to
polypharmacy is nonadherence. Some key questions to ask are listed in Table
2.
Table 2
Polypharmacy Questions for Pharmacists to Ask Patients
- What dietary supplements, vitamins, or OTC drugs do you take?
- What pharmacies have you used to fill your prescriptions in the last 2
years?
- Who are your doctors? What medications does dr. (Name) prescribe for you?
- What types of bottle or packages do you find difficult to open?
- How would you describe your eyesight and your hearing? (Ask the patient to
read a prescription bottle label to you)
- When do you take your medications? Of those times, when are you more
likely to forget? How often do you happen to forget?
- What concerns or questions do you have about your medication regimen?

After querying patients, pharmacists should do the following:

- Encourage patients to read all labels carefully and to use only one
pharmacy
- Help patients make a comprehensive list of their prescription and OTC
medications—including the strength, dose, and duration of therapy
- Indicate to patients that they should carry the list to every physician
appointment and update it as medication use changes
- Educate patients that nonadherence often leads to unnecessary
medication changes

*Pitfall #4: Believing That 2 + 2 = 4*

Concomitant use of common and relatively benign drugs often looks fairly
harmless. Unfortunately, such is not always the case. Consider a woman who
takes calcium for osteoporosis prevention and also takes a proton pump
inhibitor (PPI). She takes her whole dose of calcium—1500 mg—with her PPI at
bedtime. Taking the 2 substances this way produces suboptimal therapy. The
calcium should be split into doses of =500 mg and should not be taken at the
same time as the PPI, because calcium works best in an acid stomach. The PPI
is best scheduled in the morning. The patient’s new regimen should be 500 mg
of calcium tid with meals and the PPI every morning.

*Pitfall #5: Saving Money on* *Supplies*

After patients have seen the doctor, had prescriptions filled, and been
counseled at the pharmacy, adequate prescription bottles and labels will be
the most important reminder of what they were told. Pharmacists should use
the best-quality product available. “Quality” in this case means that the
bottle must be easy to open, yet safe, and be legible for the average
reader. (The national retailer Target’s redesigned prescription vial, the
ClearRx system, is an example of a system that enhances patient safety and
compliance.) Including the prescription’s indication on the label helps
patients, too.

*Pitfall #6: Focusing Only on the* *Elderly*

It is common knowledge that elderly people use more drugs than younger
people and often require multiple medications. Thus they have an increased
potential for adverse reactions, drug interactions, and self-medication
errors.

Children who have chronic or serious acute conditions are equally at risk.
Although one might think that parental supervision and concern would make
adherence in this population excellent, such is not the case. Approximately
one third of children and adolescents with serious cancer diagnoses are
seriously or occasionally nonadherent.12,13 The greater the number of
children in the family, the less likely total adherence becomes.12 Similar
findings have been documented for children with diabetes,14 asthma,15 and *
Helicobacter* *pylori *gastritis.16,17 Adolescents tend to consider
themselves indestructible or bend to peer pressure. They need more attention
and education. Also, pharmacists should remind parents that many OTC
preparations for children are combination products. They should encourage
parents to call with questions.

*Pitfall #7: Not Noticing Red Flags*

Certain red flags should prompt clinicians to suspect iatrogenic origin.
Conditions that may occur as a result of polypharmacy are listed in Table 3.
Table 3.
Conditions That May Occur as a Result of Polypharmacy
- Arrhythmia
- Balance disturbances
- Cognition changes
- Confusion
- Constipation
- Deppression
- Gastric ulcers
- Hyper- or hypotension
- Pseudoparkinsonism
- Rash
- Suicidal ideation
- Unexpected treatment failure

*Pitfall #8: Fixing It All at Once*

It is human nature to want to fix something that looks broken immediately.
In the case of true polypharmacy, however, correcting problems requires
thoughtful consideration and cannot necessarily be done “today.”
Discontinuing several drugs at once may have adverse consequences. Some
drugs (ie, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, heavily anticholinergic agents)
should be tapered to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Discontinuing other drugs
that interact with necessary drugs, thus increasing the serum levels of the
latter drugs, can precipitate problems. Polypharmacy usually occurs over
time, and correcting it may take weeks to months.

*Pitfall #9: Forgetting Care* *Continuity*

Once patients’ polypharmacy issues are resolved, pharmacists need to
evaluate them periodically in case unnecessary or inappropriate drugs “sneak
back” onto the profile. Patients often forget why they stopped taking a drug
and start using it again. Pharmacists have to be tenacious and vigilant.

*Ms. Wick is a senior clinical research* *pharmacist at the National Cancer*
*Institute, National Institutes of Health,* *Bethesda, Md. Views expressed
in this* *article are those of the author and not* *those of any government
agency.*

*For a list of references, send a* *stamped, self-addressed envelope
to:* *References
Department, Attn. A. Stahl,* *Pharmacy Times, 241 Forsgate Drive,* *Jamesburg,
NJ 08831; or send an e-mail* *request to: astahl@ascendmedia.com.*

 
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Posted by pada April 25, 2008 in RUD

 
 
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